Nearly a decade has passed since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released its 2006 recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening as part of routine medical care in the United States for those aged 13–64 years.1 Since then, important developments in policy and technology have improved the capacity to adopt the 2006 recommendations, and public, private, and nonprofit organizations have supported and funded efforts to evaluate HIV screening methods and spread implementation. This supplemental issue of Public Health Reports contains 16 articles that describe different aspects of routine screening programs in diverse health-care settings. As a group, these articles represent an important milestone in the progress of HIV screening implementation and provide a basis for anticipating new challenges in screening for HIV and other infectious diseases as effective treatment, health-care payment structures, medical records systems, and laboratory technologies continue to evolve.

Expansion of HIV screening has occurred in a dynamic environment of evolving policy recommendations, new scientific discoveries, and improving laboratory methods. Policy developments ranged from endorsement by federal agencies to modification of special protections for HIV testing in state laws. For example, in 2013, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued its own recommendation for routine HIV screening for those aged 15–65 years2 with an “A” grade; this determination was important because, under the Affordable Care Act, it compelled health insurance providers to cover routine HIV screening without copayment for members of qualifying health plans.3 Accordingly, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services recently approved coverage for HIV screening for Medicare recipients aged 15–65 years.4 Similarly, the Department of Veterans Affairs revised its policy to recommend routine, rather than risk-based, HIV testing for all veterans.5